Pedagogy Among Mathematics Teacher Candidates

The New Senior Secondary Curriculum being introduced in Hong Kong public schools is causing quite a stir, and fright, amongst the ranks of teachers. The professional development seminar which I attended, sponsored by the Education and Manpower Bureau, intended to mollify the fears of educators while sharing best practices established by pilot schools and their respective programs - the government's objectives, I believe, were successfully achieved. Hong Kong's public education system certainly needs reform, and the new curriculum, I hope, shall break the obstinacy that plagues the local pedagogy. The curriculum will hew the old into the relevant and prudent, quickly, please. That said, I am fiercely critical of these government-sponsored courses whose objectives include promoting obsequiously their agenda. Though I did gain, I freely admit, a few worthwhile, practical module ideas, I was more interested in what was not being shown than what, in fact, was presented during the afternoon meeting. I, as an educator, need to balance my perspective in teaching and learning, particularly since my most profound learning moments have struck me while in the analysis of failure, not victory. I was disappointed, although unsurprised, that the government and its test schools painted a ridiculously rosy picture of a thousand flowers in full bloom across this Chinese territory, sparing me timorous thoughts of struggle, success, and failure. I indeed like my pedagogical development to be framed in a realistic, balanced manner. I've spoken with EMB agents in regard to my concerns, but their ideological zealotry matches my own educational ardor step-for-step in the race to win the hearts and minds of a society in transition - might I add, I was told that there would have been a more reflective, realistic account of each school's pilot actions had there been more time! Hence, for the public whose time is less penurious, I present an unduly critical video that captures the essence of a typically fawning, government-sponsored showcase series. http://misterwoo.blogspot.com

This support group of Filipino Teachers wasn’t meant to be easy. Pinoy Teachers Network is going to evolve over time, it is a creative process. We are bound to fail but together as Pinoy Teachers we will rise again as one network. We hope to have our own identity as Filipino Teachers, not just an organization working under the umbrella of another organization. We hope that our organization will gain prestige, recognition and respect as other professional organizations do. And to be able to achieve that goal we have to protect ourselves and our identity as Filipino Teachers. We need to step back and reflect on where this support network is going. The Philippine Education is what made us world class teachers, don’t you think it’s payback time? Let’s rethink over and over our goals being a Filipino Teacher.I’ve always believed that the Filipino Teachers has something more to achieve and share than being workers in the classroom. Professional development, personal development, and giving back to our country (not just serving the Fil Am community), we can be experts in these fields.Being in the Pinoy Teachers Network is life changing, and it will automatically challenge you to become Filipino Teacher Leaders, who do not only make a difference to our country but to the world. Let us make every experience with the Pinoy Teachers Network a positive experience.Let’s continue to meet on common ground. Working together we can solve problems. Our differences are our strengths. We can always find an advocate of what we do in others, so we don’t have to start from the very beginning.COLLEAGUES CAN BECOME BEST FRIENDS.KAYANG KAYA BASTA SAMA SAMA.http://www.pinoyteachersnetwork.blog-city.com

The BD-5 Micro is a small American, single-seat homebuilt kit aircraft introduced in the early 1970s by Jim Bede. The BD-5 has a small fuselage holding its semi-reclined pilot under a large canopy, with the engine installed in a compartment in the middle of the fuselage, and a propeller (or jet engine in the BD-5J variant) in the rear. The combination of fighter-like looks and relatively low cost led to the BD-5 selling over 5,000 kits or plans.[1] However few were actually completed due to the company's bankruptcy in the mid-1970s, brought on by the failure to deliver a reliable engine for the design. In total only a few hundred were completed, although many of these are still being flown today. Contents [hide] * 1 Design and development o 1.1 Flight testing o 1.2 Deliveries begin o 1.3 Deliveries end o 1.4 Further developments * 2 BD-5J * 3 Surviving Aircraft * 4 Specifications (BD-5B) * 5 See also * 6 References * 7 External links * 8 Related content [edit] Design and development Prior to starting work on the BD-5, Jim Bede had introduced the successful Bede BD-4 design. This was a fairly conventional looking high-wing four-seater, but it offered good performance and was fairly inexpensive. Over the lifetime of the company about 600 BD-4s were sold, a success by any measure that allowed Bede to move on to more ambitious designs. Although Bede had apparently first looked at a new design as early as 1967, work on the BD-4 meant he was not able put any serious effort into the new Micro until about 1970.[2] Work on a prototype started in earnest late that year. While the BD-4 was fairly conventional looking, the Micro was a radical design. It is an extremely small one-seat design that looks more like a jet fighter than a prop plane, with the pilot sitting in a semi-reclined position under a large fighter-like plexiglas canopy. Behind the pilot was a compartment housing a two-cylinder air-cooled 40 hp engine driving a pusher propeller. For improved performance the aircraft featured both a V-tail and retractable landing gear in order to reduce drag. Calculated drag was so low that spoilers were added to the wing in order to improve deceleration for landing. This was apparently the first application of spoilers on a light aircraft. [3] Two versions were planned, the BD-5A with "short" 14' 3" (4.34 m) wings tuned for high speeds and acrobatics, and the BD-5B with a 21' 6" (6.55 m) wings for longer range and powered glider use. Performance of the BD-5A was predicted to be 210 mph (340 km/h) in cruise, while the BD-5B would be only slightly slower and have a range of 1,215 miles. Builders could optionally buy both wings, switching them in about ten minutes. In addition to being easy to fly, the BD-5 was also intended to be easy to build and own. The fuselage was constructed primarily from fiberglass panels over an aluminum frame, reducing construction time to only a few hundred hours. Although the early designs required some welding in the landing gear area, it was planned that this would be removed in the kit versions, so construction would require no special tooling or skills.[4] Even the cost of operation would be extremely low, offering fuel economy of almost 40 mpg. With the wings removed the aircraft could be packed into a small custom tailer, allowing it to be towed away by car for storage in a garage, and from there to any suitable flat area for takeoff.[5]. Bede published an information booklet about the BD-5 in November 1970. Several very positive magazine articles appeared at this point. The October 1971 issue of Science & Mechanics had the BD-5 on the cover, listing the price as $1,950 and a top speed of 215 MPH. The associated article showed the construction of the original prototype, with numerous claims about how easy it was to construct. The same month's issue of Popular Science also covered the aircraft, although it listed the price at $2,965.[5] A feeding frenzy followed as the "mini fighter" generated intense demand. As one author put it, "Even before the plane first left the ground, thoughts of flying the sleek, bullet-shaped aircraft with its pusher prop stimulated the imagination of nearly everyone who had heard of the program."[2] On 24 February 1971 the first $200 deposit to reserve a "place in line" to receive a kit was accepted, with the target shipping date being 24 May 1972.[6] By August 1971, 800 deposits had been taken, even though the first BD-5 prototype had yet to complete high-speed taxi tests.[2] By the end of the year, they had over 4,300 orders, making it one of the most popular aircraft in modern history. [edit] Flight testing The prototype, N500BD, flew briefly on 12 September 1971, powered by a 36 hp Polaris Industries snowmobile engine. The stability of the aircraft with the original V-tail was marginal at best, and clearly needed a redesign. With the original fiberglass fuselage this was a time consuming process, so the decision was made to switch to an all-metal fuselage of hydroformed aluminum components. These could be modified with relative ease during the testing cycle. This also made economic sense as the orders rolled in, as assembly-line production of stamped metal parts is expensive to set up but less expensive in production.[2] By December 1971 the tooling for the new fuselage was in development, also featuring a longer and more "pointy" nose, whereas the N500BD was somewhat "egg shaped", patterned on the Schleicher ASW 15.[2] While this was starting up Bede continued to experiment with modifications to the tail, eventually abandoning the V-tail and changing to a more conventional three-part layout, but with highly swept surfaces. Further testing on N500BD showed flow interference between the horizontal surfaces and the propeller, so the surfaces were raised six inches to eliminate this. The first example of the new fuselage arrived in March 1972, and was fitted with a new Kiekhaefer Aeromarine engine Bede had seen at the Oshkosh Airshow in 1971. Finished as N501BD, numerous little delays prevented it from flying until 11 July 1972. These flights demonstrated continued problems with the tail design, which was again redesigned, losing the sweep and becoming fairly conventional looking. [7] The program was now far too large for Bede to handle alone. In March 1972 he hired Burt Rutan to head the flight test department, and was soon joined by Les Berven, as test pilot.[2] They took over development, giving Bede more time to work on the business. This was proving difficult enough, as Kiekhaefer and Bede could not reach an agreement about deliveries, forcing him to change to a similar 440 cc 40 hp Hirth Motoren design, but then selecting a larger 650 cc 55 hp Hirth engine instead. Several additional problems turned up during testing. One was that the stick forces were very low, but this was easily addressed by making the servo tabs larger. A more worrying development was that the engines all had problems with mixture due to changes in engine speed or load, which led to rough running. In August Bede was demonstrating the plane to the FAA in order to receive permission to fly at Oshkosh, when the engine seized. On its dead-stick landing, the airplane overran the runway, buckling the nosegear. Mixture was definitely the cause of the crash of N501BD in September 1972 when the mixture control broke and Breven had to execute a forced landing.[2] Since N502BD would be ready in two months, N501BD was not repaired. However, N502BD ran into problems of its own. The earlier models used a variable speed belt system between the engine and the prop, but this was removed from N502BD and it suddenly started exhibiting a serious vibration problem. Experts were called in and additional bearings fixed the problem, but it was not until 26 March 1973 that N502BD flew. From then on the test program seemed to go more smoothly.[8] By the time the test program was starting to reach its conclusions the plane had undergone some fairly major changes. One victim of the program was the shorter "A" wing, which calculations showed would only improve performance at speeds very close to Vmax (the highest available speed), at slower speeds there was little or no advantage. Additionally it was found that the landing speed with the smaller wing was decidedly fast. Split flaps and spoilers had also disappeared. The canopy and cockpit dimensions had changed, there was a complete new tail section, new landing gear systems, and more ominously, they had already changed the engine twice. What remained, however, was the basic concept of the fighter-like pusher aircraft, which, if anything, had improved in looks. By this point it seemed the basic design was complete, and Bede turned his attention to other projects. One was a jet-powered BD-5, the BD-5J, which is detailed below.[1] Another was the Bede BD-6, a single-seat version of the BD-4 based on the same Hirth engine being used in the BD-5. Still another was the "new" Bede BD-7, a two-seat side-by-side version of the BD-5 of which a prototype was built.[9] There was even an attempt to sidestep the engine problem with the BD-5S, a glider (S for Sailplane) version with lengthened wings and no engine, which prompted Air Progress magazine to sarcastically note, "At last, a BD-5 with no engine problems". This glider version did not fly well and the project was scrapped. Additionally, Bede decided to seek FAA certification of the BD-5D as a production aircraft and sell it complete, taking $600 deposits for this model. [edit] Deliveries begin By the middle of 1973 the basic design was complete and the tooling set up for production. The engines were the only part holding up deliveries, so Bede offered to ship the kit with the engine to follow. This was a fairly attractive option; it meant the builder could "get to work" and hopefully complete the airframe by the time the engine arrived, at that point expected in September 1973.[3] All three Hirth engines were offered; builders could keep the 40 hp design, or "trade up" to the larger 55 hp or 70 hp engines then being offered. The latter, which Bede had developed with Hirth, was now considered the baseline engine for the aircraft as the original 40 hp proved to be insufficient power. In a late 1973 newsletter to prospective owners, Bede suggested the 70 hp model and discouraged use of the smaller engines.[10] Prices had risen throughout the 30 months since the deposits were first taken. Originally priced at $1,799, the base price was now $2,599 with the 55 hp, and owners were offered a "trade up" for the difference in price if they had ordered with the original 40 hp engine. When 1974 came around, the engines were still not being delivered, although some started to arrive early that year. At that point, unexpectedly, Hirth went bankrupt after about 500 of the engines had shipped. Once again the design lacked a suitable engine, but this time the search for a replacement ended with a Xenoah design from Japan. Development of this engine was lengthy, and in the end it would not be certified for export until 1978, although this was not expected at the time.[11] [edit] Deliveries end After more than 5,100 kits had been delivered to prospective builders, the kits stopped shipping as well. Although the company was effectively bankrupt at this point, work on the BD-5D continued for some time. The bankruptcy became official in 1979, by which point the BD-5 project was long dead. During the bankruptcy proceedings it was learned that the money ostensibly being used to build kits was instead being spent on a variety of projects. As a result, Bede entered a consent decree with the FTC to no longer accept deposits on aircraft for a period of ten years.[12] BD-5B built, owned and flown by retired USAF pilot Dan Ross. The scoop under the fuselage identifies this as being Rotax powered. BD-5B built, owned and flown by retired USAF pilot Dan Ross. The scoop under the fuselage identifies this as being Rotax powered. Many owners abandoned their kits, some of which were incomplete, but a few hundred diehard builders finished them with a variety of third party engine installation designs. Having to hunt for an engine was only one problem, another being that the time to build the aircraft was much longer than quoted, requiring thousands of hours in most cases. Some of this was due to the need to fit their selected engine into an airframe designed for the Hirth, which was no longer available. Additionally, some of the kits were shipped with missing parts, adding to the confusion.[13] All of this led to a rash of kits being sold for fire sale prices, although this did allow the builders that were looking to complete kits do so without spending too much more.[6] And while Bede claimed the aircraft could be put together by anyone in a garage, builders generally agree that doing so will result in a potentially dangerous aircraft, and construction should only proceed on a set of properly laid-out jigs.[13] For all of these reasons, it was some time before completed BD-5s started to appear.[14] Over the next few years the aircraft garnered what at first glance appears to be a terrible safety record. The earliest kits shipped with the short "A" wings (optionally), and all four examples completed with these wings crashed on their first flight, with three fatalities, largely a side effect of a 100 mph (160 km/h) landing speed combined with the tiny wheelbase. Nevertheless the current record holder of the FAI C-1a/0 (300 kg or less takeoff weight) class speed record over a 3k m course at restricted altitude is a BD-5A (listed as BD-5B but used -5A wings for the record attempt) with a Rotax 618UL 74 hp two-stroke, three-cylinder water-cooled engine.[15] Rotax-equipped BD-5s are generally easy to distinguish due to the small radiator "scoop" under the fuselage. Crashes in the B models were generally due to an engine failure on takeoff, both due to the mix of "oddball" engines as well as endemic cooling problems. The reason this is such an issue with the BD-5 is twofold the high line of thrust means an engine failure immediately results in a nose-up attitude, and the pilots who failed to fly the aircraft first and then attempt to restart the engine inevitably stalled, with the associated consequences. This was not the only problem; the original wing had a very sharp stall with little warning. A rather small center of gravity range also added to the problems of properly trimming the aircraft. [edit] Further developments With the demise of the Bede Aircraft Company, the BD-5 entered a sort of limbo while builders completed their kits. The early safety problems and the problems of adapting a suitable engine added to the problems. But over the next few years, solutions to most of these problems arrived in one form or another. Many other changes have also been incorporated to improve the original design. Today the BD-5 is a rewarding, if demanding aircraft. For instance, the problem of finding a suitable engine with 60 to 70 hp yet still weighing under 100 lbs was a serious problem in the 1970s, but today there are a number of "off the shelf" designs in this class. For instance, the widely available Rotax 582 is a 65 hp engine of 80 lbs in standard configuration, almost tailor-made for the BD-5. Better yet, the Rotax is liquid-cooled, thereby greatly simplifying the cooling problems that earlier air-cooled engines had. Problems with the abrupt stall were addressed by Harry Riblett, who produced a slight reprofile of the wing root airfoil that softened the stall response of the aircraft.[16] But it presented other unique problems associated with the way the reprofile was to be performed, essentially gluing foam to the aluminum skin and covering with fiberglass. Similarly, the small center-of-gravity range has since been addressed via small stretches to the fuselage. Several companies were formed to help builders complete their kits, and many of the aftermarket modifications were worked into these services. Today, BD Micro Technologies of Siletz, Oregon continues to offer kitbuilding support, including new-build kits featuring (optionally) all of these modifications, and even the BD-5T, a turboprop version of the BD-5 using a modified Solar/Hamilton Sundstrand T62 turbine powering a mechanically-controlled variable-pitch propeller. An unusual adaptation of the BD-5, the Acapella 100, appeared in the early 1980s. Designer Carl D. Barlow of Option Air Reno mated a BD-5 fuselage with a distinctive twin-boom empennage and fitted it with a 100 hp Continental O-200 engine. Later, a 200 hp Lycoming IO-360 was fitted, and the wings shortened from 26.5 feet to 19.5 feet, becoming the Acapella 200-S model. The prototype of this aircraft was first flown on 6 June 1980, with pilot Bill Skiliar at the controls. Unfortunately, it did not fly well and was difficult to control. Only the one prototype was built and it was donated to the Experimental Aircraft Association's [[EAA AirVenture Museum Airventure Museum[[ in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA, where it is occasionally placed on display. Bede Aircraft Company has since re-formed and has been working on several new designs. Bede has hinted at a two-seat tandem version of the aircraft called the "Super BD-5" using a certified aircraft engine and a number of modifications and improvements, but to date nothing other than a preliminary design drawing has been made available.[17] [edit] BD-5J "Bud Light Jet" BD-5J at Fargo 1997 "Bud Light Jet" BD-5J at Fargo 1997 While the new Hirth engine was being tested, Bede decided to create an unconventional variant of the BD-5 with a small jet engine. The result was the BD-5J, a 300 mph (480 km/h) aircraft that looked fast while sitting on the ramp. The design used the Sermel TRS-18-046 turbojet (now Microturbo, a division of Turbomeca), which produced 225 lbf thrust. The original engines were produced under license by Ames Industrial in the USA. The wing was modified to an "intermediate" size between the original A and B wings, with a 17 ft span. Bob Bishop had purchased 20 BD-5J kits as soon as they had appeared, and many of the flying examples started life in this batch of twenty. Versions from the original batch became a popular airshow fixture. Throughout the 1980s until 1991, Coors flew two of them as the "Silver Bullets." Budweiser also had a BD-5J called the "Bud Light Jet", but that contract has long expired. The aircraft also appeared in the opening sequence of the James Bond film, Octopussy.[1] A large number of these aircraft have since been involved in crashes. The Bud Light Jet crashed after a fuel flow sensor burst in mid-flight, causing a fire in the engine compartment, although the pilot was able to escape safely. While practicing for an air show, Scott Manning fatally crashed in the "Stinger Jet," the last BD-5J that remained on the air show circuit, on 16 June 2006 at Carp Airport, Canada. The BD-5J is certified by the United States Department of Defense as a cruise missile surrogate, with Bishop's Aerial Productions offering a version known as the Smart-1 (Smart Manned Aerial Radar Target, Model 1)[18]. The radar return and general performance characteristics make it a useful aid in training. On 27 June 2006, while flying one of these aircraft, pilot Chuck Lischer, a highly experienced professional air show pilot, impacted trees on his final approach to the Ocean City Municipal Airport in Ocean City, Maryland in a fatal accident. The BD-5J has also held the Guinness record for the World's Smallest Jet for more than 25 years. Bob Bishop originally garnered the record with one of his jets, and in November 2004 the record changed hands to Juan Jimnez[19], whose BD-5J weighed in at 358.8 lbs (162.8 kg) empty weight, 80lbs (36 kg) lighter than Bishop's jet. [edit] Surviving Aircraft As of 2002, there were an estimated 150 BD-5s in airworthy condition.[6] A BD-5B is on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, an annex of the National Air and Space Museum at Washington Dulles International Airport in Chantilly, Virginia. The BD-5J from Octopussy is on display in the Pima Air and Space Museum in Arizona.[20] [edit] Specifications (BD-5B) Ron and Phyllis Loewen's Bede BD-5B C-FGXC, Manitoba Air Show 2007 Ron and Phyllis Loewen's Bede BD-5B C-FGXC, Manitoba Air Show 2007 Data from {name of first source} General characteristics * Crew: one, pilot * Length: 12 ft to 13.5 ft w/stretch kits (3.88 m to 4.11 m) * Wingspan: 14 ft to 21 ft 6 in (4.26 m to 6.55 m) * Height: 5 ft 2 in (1.6 m) * Wing area: Depends on wing used (-5A, -5B or -5J) * Empty weight: 358 lb and up (178 kg) * Loaded weight: 700 lb to 1100 lb (340 kg to 530 kg) * Max takeoff weight: 1100 lb (530 kg) * Powerplant: Various reciprocating engines, from Rotax to Turbo Honda; turboprop with modified Solar T62; jet with Microturbo Couguar or TRS-18 , () each Performance * Maximum speed: 200+ mph (320+ km/h) recip, 300 mph (500 km/h) jet * Range: 720+ miles (1,152+ km) recip, 300+ miles (500 km) jet () * Service ceiling: 12,000 ft (3,658 m) recip, 23,000 ft (7,010 m) jet () * Rate of climb: 1,900 ft/min (579 m/min) recip, 4,000 ft/min (1,219 m/min) jet () * Wing loading: Varies depending on wing selected and aircraft weight () enjoy liveleak to see more cool videos go to http://www.liveleak.com/group/3v1ld34ds_dumpster

Newton Fellowships are available to mathematically sophisticated individuals who are interested in using their talents to make a difference in the lives of young people. MfA seeks recent college graduates and mid-career professionals who can demonstrate a strong interest in teaching, have a bachelor's degree with substantial coursework in mathematics, and are willing to commit to a five-year program that includes one year of full-time graduate study and four years of teaching mathematics in New York City secondary schools. Year 1: Prepare to become a high school math teacher * Full tuition scholarship to master's level teacher preparation program at Bard College, New York University, or Teachers College/Columbia University * Student teaching experience * $28,000 MfA stipend Years 2 - 5: Begin your teaching career * Position as secondary school math teacher in New York City public school * New York City teacher's salary + MfA stipends totaling $62,000 over four years * Mentoring, coaching and support services * Professional development and Newton Corps activities

Premiere Speakers Bureau: Exclusively Representing the World's Most Compelling Speakers Camilo Cruz, Autor of La Vaca: Winner of the 2004 Latino Book Award for Best Self-Help Book in Spanish As he writes in his book, In Search of the American Dream - A Guide to Succeeding in the United States, Dr. Cruz arrived in the United States in 1980 with no knowledge of the language and with no more credentials than a high school diploma, a few hundred dollars and a bag full of dreams. The oldest son of schoolteachers from a modest home in Latin America, Camilo came to the U.S. in search of his American Dream; achieved it, and now teaches others how to make their dreams a reality. Scientist: Dr. Camilo Cruz has been a professor of Quantum Physics, Thermodynamics and Mathematics at several universities in the U.S. He earned his M.S. in Science and his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Seton Hall University. Entrepreneur: Dr. Cruz has launched three successful companies and has served on the boards of several others. He co-founded Yupi Internet (now latino.msn.com), one of the most frequently visited Spanish-language portals in the world. He is the founder of Taller del Éxito and elexito.com. Currently he serves as the CEO of LIDER - Latino Institute for Development, Education and Responsibility. Best Selling Author: Dr. Cruz is an internationally best-selling author of over twenty books and audiobooks with sales approaching one million copies. He is one of the most prolific Latino authors in the United States in the area of personal development, professional excellence and leadership. Public Speaker: Not only a prolific author, but a sought after motivational speaker and a business coach to Fortune 500 companies, Dr. Cruz contributes to newspapers and magazines in the U.S. and Latin America and is regularly featured on television and radio talk-shows where ...

Forty years after the invention of the personal computer, schools still find themselves begging teachers to introduce technology into classrooms. Conventional wisdom attributes the lack of effective technology use in classrooms to a shortage of, or poorly run professional development. At the same time, student-centered learning environments require teachers to develop more expertise not only in technology but also in pedagogy. Rather than continue to do more of the same, we should question assumptions and explore new models of teacher learning that address these issues.

From the k12online conference 2007-Forty years after the invention of the personal computer, schools still find themselves begging teachers to introduce technology into classrooms. Conventional wisdom attributes the lack of effective technology use in classrooms to a shortage of, or poorly run professional development. At the same time, student-centered learning environments require teachers to develop more expertise not only in technology but also in pedagogy. Rather than continue to do more of the same, we should question assumptions and explore new models of teacher learning that address these issues. Presenter- Sylvia Martinez from http://genyes.com/

p-take 0305 Grammar 1. A: I don't feel like going out tonight, Tom. B: _________________. How about relaxing at home? (a) So do I (b) So am I (c) Neither do I (d) Neither am I 2. A: Did you hear about Mr. Kim's car accident last night? B: Yes, it ___________ on his way back home. (a) was occurred (b) has been occurring (c) had occurred (d) occurred 3. A : The interior decoration is awesome! B : Yes. The decorator certainly ____________ for style. (a) has an eye (b) have an eye (c) has the eyes (d) have eyes 4. A: What's the matter with you, Ricky? B: I _____________ my right wrist yesterday. (a) am spraining (b) sprain (c) sprained (d) have sprained 5. A: Do you happen to know a Miss Kayne? B: Um, the name doesn't ring ____________. (a) the bell (b) bells (c) bell (d) a bell 6. A: How about this tie for Father's Day? B: That's exactly _________ I had in mind. (a) whom (b) which (c) that (d) what 7. A: You look thirsty. ___________ I make some lemonade? B: That would be very nice, thank you. (a) Would (b) Will (c) Shall (d) Must 8. A : Honey, do you know where the other sock is? B : Maybe it's _________ the table. (a) under (b) in (c) down (d) beneath 9. A: Do you know what will become of our project team? B: Not yet, but I'll keep you _____________. (a) posted (b) posting (c) post (d) to post 10. A: Why do you look so tied up these days? B: I've been helping ___________ in the soup kitchen. (a) the poor (b) poors (c) poor (d) a poor 11. A: Have you made up your mind yet? B: Yes. I've decided _____________ my studies in Canada. (a) continuing (b) to continue (c) having continued (d) to have continued 12. A: My father bought me a new notebook computer for my birthday. B: Really? I wish I ___________ a rich father like yours. (a) had (b) have (c) have had (d) had to have 13. A: What's the difference between these two coffee makers? B: Well, this one is more difficult to use than _________. (a) others (b) the other (c) another (d) other 14. A: So, Eric decided to take part in the concert? B: Not exactly. His manager _____________ that he perform. (a) has insisted (b) was insisting (c) insisted (d) insists 15. A: We're looking for a new television set. B: What price range _____________? (a) do you have in mind (b) do you in mind have (c) you have in mind (d) have you in mind 16 A : How's your new boss, Rachel? B : Well, he's not easy __________ with. (a) talk (b) to talk (c) talking (d) to be talking 17. A: You look different, Willy. What did you do? B: I ____________ for my job interview. (a) had my hair cut (b) had cut my hair (c) had my hair to cut (d) had my hair cutting 18. A: Have you guys eaten the whole pizza? B: No, _________ still in the fridge. (a) two-third of it is (b) two-third of them are (c) two-thirds of it is (d) two-thirds of them are 19. A: I've never heard anybody _____________ ill of Jenny. B: Yeah, she is loved by all. (a) speak (b) to speak (c) spoken (d) was spoken 20. A: What are you looking for? B: My new bag. I _____________ have misplaced it. (a) must (b) should (c) shall (d) would 21. Mike's family _____________ their old house. (a) is to be outgrowing (b) has to outgrow (c) is outgrown (d) has outgrown 22. Had the announcement of the new position been made earlier, more people ____________ for the job. (a) had applied (b) would have applied (c) would apply (d) apply 23. Fortunately, _______________ was home when the house was on fire. (a) anyone (b) someone (c) none (d) nobody 24. You can choose _____________ product you like. (a) wherever (b) whenever (c) whichever (d) whoever 25. __________________, I cannot approve your proposal at all. (a) Frankly spoken (b) Frankly speaking (c) I speak frankly (d) I speaking frankly 26. ______________, she is one of my favorite movie stars. (a) No matter she is how old (b) No matter how old she is (c) However she is old (d) However old is she 27. Neither of them ____________ allowed to enter the scene. (a) is (b) are (c) has (d) have 28. Have ten copies of the conference material ____________ at least five minutes before the conference stars. (a) made (b) making (c) is to made (d) to be made 29. _________________ the company went bankrupt is known to everybody. (a) That (b) Whether (c) If (d) While 30. Even though he passed the exam, he made _____________ progress. (a) a few (b) few (c) a little (d) little 31. The teacher found _____________ to control her students without any punishment. (a) difficult (b) it difficult (c) to be difficult (d) it should be difficult 32. __________ to fix dinner, she went to a French restaurant. (a) Having decided not (b) Deciding not (c) Not decided (d) Having not decided 33. Climate scientists predict that temperatures will rise by as ______________ as 7 to 8 degrees. (a) much (b) many (c) less (d) little 34. No sooner ____________ than he asked me to give him a ride. (a) had Mr. Johnson seen me (b) Mr. Johnson had seen me (c) Mr. Johnson saw me (d) saw Mr. Johnson me 35. People under 18 ______________ vote. (a) are not entitled to (b) do not entitle to (c) are not entitled for (d) do not entitle for 36. The insurance policy is effective as ____________ May 2003. (a) by (b) at (c) to (d) of 37. The pharmacist's work differs from that of the ___________ in many ways. (a) chemist (b) chemist's (c) chemist's work (d) chemists' work 38. The doctor advised him _____________ any more. (a) not to drink (b) don't drink (c) of drinking (d) of not drinking 39. It seems that most of the employees _____________ for their work. (a) underpaid (b) were underpaid (c) will underpay (d) will have been underpaid 40. There is little, ________, hope of his recovery from the traffic accident. (a) if ever (b) if any (c) nevertheless (d) otherwise 41. (a) A: Can you help me with changing the light bulb? (b) B: I'm in the middle of doing something at the moment. (c) A: But it'll take only a little minutes. (d) B: Give me just a moment. 42. (a) A: Have you finished the calculus homework yet? (b) B: I do it before breakfast this morning. (c) A: Do you mind comparing the answers with me? (d) B: No, in fact I think that's a very good idea. 43. (a) A: My landlord isn't doing his job well. (b) B: What do you mean? (c) A: He always forgets to fix things. (d) B: Then you had better talk to him open. 44. (a) A : Whom are you going to ask to the prom? (b) B : I won't make up my mind yet. (c) A : Do you have someone particular in mind? (d) B : Not really. Why are you being so nosy? 45. (a) A : Honey, are you busy now? (b) B : Not really. Is there anything you want me to do? (c) A : Do you mind taking out the garbage? (d) B : Not at all. I'll do it for change. 46. (a) She was born in 1910 and become a nun at 18. (b) She spent many years to teach in Calcutta. (c) She founded the Missionaries of Charity to help the poor and the dying in Calcutta. (d) Her name is Mother Teresa and everybody still remembers her. 47. (a) These days, people prefer large supermarkets than small ones. (b) They have aisles and aisles of exotic products. (c) They also offer services such as film development and video rentals. (d) Customers not only buy things but also enjoy coffee and pizza. 48. (a) Let's suppose you are told by phone that someone precious to you has been injured in a car accident. (b) What do you think you will react to the news? (c) Some people may burst into tears right away. (d) Others may hold back their feelings until later. 49. (a) There is a widespread fear that the family is falling apart. (b) It is true that people used to believe the family is stable and unchanged all the time. (c) However, researchers have found that the family has always been changing. (d) Now is the time to change the notion of the family itself. 50. (a) In the hot summertime, a glass of lemonade is must. (b) I recommend you taste real lemonades, not cans of artificial flavors. (c) It is quite easy to make one by yourself. (d) Just squeeze lemons and sweeten them with syrup or sugar and enjoy. Vocabulary 1. A : Would you like to join us? There's a(n) __________ seat in the car. B : Could I? I'd love to. (a) enough (b) free (c) extra (d) special 2. A: It looks like he is quick at learning and understanding the subject. B: I agree. He's really ___________. (a) smart (b) outgoing (c) liberal (d) stubborn 3. A: How can we cross the road? I don't see any ____________ around here. B: Maybe we can use the underpass over there. (a) sidewalk (b) pavement (c) crossroads (d) crosswalk 4. A: I'm going to the grocery. Anything you want me to get you? B: Yes. Please get me a ____________ of bread. (a) loaf (b) bar (c) package (d) carton 5. A: It's so windy today. It almost blew my hat away. B: Yeah. It's such a ___________ day. (a) chilly (b) blustery (c) misty (d) muggy 6. A : Hey! What are you looking for? B : My car key. I must have ___________ it in my office. (a) made (b) left (c) turned (d) put 7. A: Why are we taking this road? B: Just to get there a little bit faster. It's a ___________. (a) shortcut (b) shortage (c) shortening (d) shorthand 8. A: Wow! I really like your dining table. B: Thanks. It was ____________ from my mother. (a) handed out (b) handed in (c) handed over (d) handed down 9. A: Oh, no. I spilled coffee on the carpet. B: Never mind. Here's a _____________. Wipe it up. (a) clothing (b) cloth (c) clothes (d) clot 10. A: Did anything new ____________ at the meeting? B: There was only Tom's proposal. (a) come through (b) come down (c) come by (d) come up 11. A : I've _________ for four classes. B : Did you get in them all? (a) registered (b) applied (c) enrolled (d) dropped 12. A: It's so unusual of you to be late for work this morning. B: Sorry about that. I had to make a ____________ to avoid street repairs. (a) deterrent (b) deviation (c) derivative (d) detour 13. A: Listen! I can't sleep in the same room as him. B: Me neither. He ____________ really loudly. (a) snores (b) burps (c) rumbles (d) yawns 14. A: Did you ____________ to get a loan from the bank? B: No, they just turned me down. I still don't know what went wrong. (a) manage (b) arrive (c) hope (d) compete 15. A: Could I _____________ out this book? B: Yes. Please fill out this form. (a) borrow (b) lend (c) check (d) extend 16. A : Where would you like to go this summer vacation? B : I would _________ a small island with lots of privacy. (a) imagine (b) dream (c) approve (d) wish 17. A: Excuse me. I'm looking for some cream cheese. B: Sure. Go to the _____________ section, madam. (a) cheesy (b) dairy (c) creamy (d) fatty 18. A: When shall we have Mary's _____________? B: Why don't we have it two weeks before the wedding? (a) bachelor party (b) bridal shower (c) pajama party (d) potluck dinner 19. A: My computer is almost 5 years old and breaks down constantly. B: Looks like you should get a new one. There's a winter sale ____________ in many stores right now. (a) occurring (b) rising (c) coming on (d) going on 20. A : I have to replace the faucets in my kitchen. B : Are you going to call a(n) ____________ or do it by yourself? (a) craftsman (b) engineer (c) mechanic (d) carpenter 21. A: Can I ask you for some help getting on to the Internet? I'm a(n) ___________. B: Sure. Actually, it's quite easy. (a) newbie (b) introvert (c) expert (d) freshmen 22. A: Why are you so late again today? B: The muffler of my car suddenly fell off and the car behind me almost hit it. Luckily he ____________ away just in time. (a) swayed (b) swerved (c) shuffled (d) strolled 23. A: Why don't we have something to drink? I'm thirsty. B: Me too. Let me check the ___________ to see what we have. (a) closet (b) fridge (c) wardrobe (d) drawer 24. A: Janie, how should we publicize our performance? B: Maybe we could ____________ posters. (a) put down (b) put out (c) put up (d) put away 25. A: It looks like Andy is involved in lots of different things, right? B: Absolutely, he's got a finger in every ______________. (a) cake (b) cookie (c) muffin (d) pie 26. There is a(n) _________ of paintings by Gogh at the National Gallery. (a) gallery (b) edition (c) exhibit (d) playing 27. After _________________ her bachelor's degree, Annie went on to a graduate school. (a) making (b) changing (c) receiving (d) trying 28. The federal government in the U.S. is made up of three branches: the _________, the judiciary, and the executive branch. (a) legitimacy (b) legionary (c) legislature (d) legation 29. Because I didn't know who was telling the truth, I felt totally _____________. (a) difficult (b) thrilled (c) enthusiastic (d) confused 30. The man ____________ the record of the 200-meter backstroke. (a) holds (b) considers (c) studies (d) bears 31. The reporter raised a whole ____________ of questions about the actions of the police during the demonstration. (a) host (b) pile (c) set (d) stack 32. _________ words requires reinforcement. (a) Revising (b) Writing (c) Explaining (d) Memorizing 33. It is believed that some cases of skin cancer are ultimately caused by ozone ____________. (a) puncture (b) hole (c) pit (d) opening 34. Only recently has science begun to probe the cultural and biological ____________ of exceptional children. (a) roots (b) counterparts (c) legitimacies (d) acknowledgements 35. The tenants are ____________ for any damages when they rent a house. (a) mandatory (b) compulsory (c) liable (d) exempt 36. Because the defendant's crime was serious, a _______________, the judge sentenced him to twenty years in prison. (a) felony (b) misdemeanour (c) testimony (d) verdict 37. The alarm clock didn't _____________, so he was late for his chemistry class. (a) run away (b) show off (c) take away (d) go off 38. One needs to slow down near the school _______________. (a) place (b) arena (c) space (d) zone 39. Faced with a looming crisis over North Korea's nuclear bomb program, South Korea has sent an _________to China. (a) engraver (b) entrepreneur (c) envoy (d) entomologist 40. With my legs ___________ as they were, I had to find a place to sit. (a) paining (b) soaring (c) aching (d) soothing 41. As the boat drifted closer and closer to the rocks, the people on the beach become increasingly _______________ about its safety. (a) cowardly (b) intrepid (c) apprehensive (d) eager 42. When it comes to business, Jonathan is as hard as ____________. (a) concrete (b) bone (c) nails (d) log 43. When you use a credit card, you receive a monthly _________ from the credit card company. (a) statement (b) loan (c) list (d) expense 44. Gang members are always ____________ their shoulders because they are afraid someone may hurt them. (a) covering up (b) looking over (c) working out (d) leaning on 45. Economists are divided about whether a new round of tax cuts will have much ______________ on the immediate problem. (a) conclusion (b) authority (c) impact (d) respect 46. Some scientists say that great ape culture is just the ____________ of the iceberg. (a) piece (b) peck (c) tip (d) tap 47. St. Moritz, whose streets are lined with luxury shops, is seeking to _______ visitors. (a) lure (b) lubricate (c) lurk (d) luster 48. The victims of the war suffered typical war _______________, including bullet, burn wounds, and complicating. (a) fatalities (b) traumas (c) casualties (d) defusion 49. Many of Catlin's portraits ________ Indians as stately. (a) regard (b) present (c) describe (d) approve 50 Today, I was awakened at dawn when the horses began _________________. (a) crowing (b) mooing (c) purring (d) neighing Reading comprehension 1. You may think that only adults need to exercise. However, this may not be true. According to doctors, you are never too young to exercise. They say even babies should be encouraged to be active from birth. It is argued, in fact, that they can develop their brains _______________. That is to say, early movement may be directly linked to higher learning and intelligence. Babies who do not work out regularly do not seem to develop as quickly as their counterpart. (a) with their parents' assistance (b) for special activities (c) through physical exercise (d) by interaction with others 2. A former couch potato has been changed into a macho guy. Kevin's transformation started about 6 months ago. His classmates used to make fun of him and even teachers advised him to _______________. working out and reduced calorie intake were a great help. Most of all, his willingness to get challenged worked wonderfully. His life has changed tremendously after the successful dieting. He is not only not being ridiculed for his size anymore, but actually gaining popularity among girls. (a) get in shape (b) study harder (c) eat nutritious food (d) meet more people 3. Cubism was largely the product of its age, although it was one of the most complete and radical revolutions since the Renaissance. The Cubist artists, such as Pablo Picasso, structured their works on a linear grid depicting both representational and abstract elements and fused a fragmented object with its surroundings, thus creating a sense of spatial ambiguity in their canvases. In fact, an ambiguity in their works _______________ in which complex changes seemed to dissolve old certainties. The suggestion of ambiguity in Cubist painting mirrors this new sense of doubt. (a) reflected the abstractness of nature (b) represented the fragmented structure (c) was the product of rigorous inner conflict (d) reflected the trends of the early twentieth century 4. _______________, a newspaper poll indicates. The soundings in Sunday's Observer showed that 50 percent of Britons now believe the House of Windsor will last another 20 years―down from 50 percent a year ago. And 25 percent believe the institution will not survive more than 10 years after the death of Queen Elizabeth, who is now 76. A longtime observer of the royal family, Robert Wilson, said: "The Golden Jubilee was undoubtedly overshadowed by the royal butler scandals. It's not surprising that this has all left a sour taste in the public mind." (a) British people believe that their royal family will last 20 years (b) the popularity of Britain's royal family has plummeted (c) The Golden Jubilee was celebrated by many British people (d) Many British people criticize the royal butler scandals 5. Here _______________. Lie on your back with legs bent at the knees. Place hands behind head, and interlock your fingers. Now, raising your upper body upward and forward, twist your torso to bring your right elbow over your left thing. Then repeat, this time bringing your left elbow over your right thing. Repeat five times. This exercise is called "twisting sit-ups." (a) are the benefits of exercise (b) is an instruction for a fitness exercise (c) are the requirements for effective workout (d) is the way to maximize your time and effort 6. The man sat alone by the empty swimming pool, watching the sun begining to set into the ocean. He sat for some time, thinking of the last meeting with his daughter. They had a serious fight at that time. Since then he had heard noting of her. Given the chance, he might tell her that he had not meant to hurt her. But then he would be a liar. He had _________________. (a) loved her so much (b) not fought with her (c) meant every word (d) begun to hear her voice 7. The fight attendants and the doctors were busy taking care of the sick people. The sudden impact made some passengers suffer badly. The plane circled for over an hour. The passengers begun to realize that ______________. A middle-age man begun to cry. At last the plane started to descend. People on board could see fire trucks speeding along the runway. (a) it was done perfectly under control (b) something must have gone wrong (c) the plane would land soon (d) the doctor was also sick 8. It is essential to protect the tropical rain forests before _______________. Rain forests only make up two percent of the world surface, but over half the world wild plants, animals, and insects live there. We ought to support organizations involved in rain forest conservation. (a) we have hurricanes due to sudden weather changes (b) the access to them is denied (c) we can travel these areas (d) they all disappear on earth 9. There are some words that have only one meaning. On the other hand, many worlds usually have more than one meaning. When you use a dictionary, you need to find the definition _______________. To find this out, you must check the part of speech of the word. Then go back to the sentence the word is used and see which definition is the correct one. (a) that fits the context (b) to which every meaning can be applied (c) which can manage various parts of speech (d) whichever would be probable 10. Especially in poor countries, smoking is one of the main causes of life-threatening diseases. Extremely poor people use tobacco to suppress their appetite. It is easy and cheap to stop the hunger pain by means of smoking. But the governments in such countries tend to ignore the problem. As a result, many street kids _______________. It is important to educate and help them to get out of the bad, sometimes fatal habit. (a) are malnourished and sickly (b) turn to a life of crime (c) are attracted to the tobacco industry (d) get addicted to smoking 11. When you travel abroad, you can enjoy the arts of many foreign countries. If you go to Greece, for example, you may see paintings from Greek myths. Even thoughyou may not be able to read any writing in such work, you can understand the stories depicted. Likewise, if you go to Italy, you can enjoy the opera without understanding a single Italian word. Through such experiences, we can say art _______________. (a) is an international language (b) can be studied anywhere (c) is a barometer of a country's culture (d) stimulates international relations 12. Phonak has developed the world's first digital microphone. Now the entire signal-processing path is digitized, form the microphone to the receiver. This technology allows for significantly improved frequency and dynamic range. The outcome, the Phonak Claro, is the top-of-the-line _______________ with three separate listening settings as well as noise reduction and custom-fitting models that all combine for your comfort and efficient communication. (a) digital microphone (b) cellular phone (c) receiver (d) hearing aid 13. In spite of fears of terrorism, travelers hit a record last year. However, they tended to stay closer to home, make shorter trips and spend less. France is still the most popular destination for international travelers. Asia and the Pacific are No. 2, taking the place of the United States. It is certain that travelers are _______________ these days. (a) investing more money and time (b) avoiding travel at all costs (c) regaining confidence in tourism (d) facing worse service 14. Most young women _______________. They decide to build their own castles and live happily ever after. When it comes to actually managing the money they make, however, there are too many girls in distress. Though they make more money than boys, they spend more money, too. It is because they do not get money lesson enough. (a) still need Prince Charming to rescue them (b) are much concerned about fairy tales (c) cannot depend on themselves any longer (d) do not wait for while knights any more 15. S. Freud firmly believed that psychological problems result from a person's unconsciousness. He determined to guide the patient through several years of sessions to explore the patient's unconscious motives. One advantage of this is that the patient can get insight into his or her problems. _______________, a clear drawback is the lengthy, therefore, expensive process. (a) As a result (b) For example (c) However (d) As a matter of fact 16. The increased attractiveness of railroads is attributable both to improvements in passenger rail service and to the realization that no more highways are likely to be built in crowded urban areas like metropolitan New York. Over the last 20 years, office growth in the suburbs has become an increasingly important part of the economy. _______________, the problem is that sprawl has produced crawl and the crowding has spread to the periphery of the region. (a) But (b) Indeed (c) Accordingly (d) Consequently 17. Eight backpacking American ski mountaineers on helicopter tours of the Selkirt Mountains of western Canada were buried and killed by an avalanche. Two others were injured. The slide of ice and snow occurred Tuesday near the Durand Glacier where the skiers were dropped by helicopters. The victims were members of several groups who were caught in the avalanche on a windy and freezing morning. The names of the victims and survivors were not immediately released. Q. What is this article about? (a) The danger of mountain climbing (b) The skiers killed or wounded (c) A helicopter rescue (d) The relation between avalanches and accidents 18. I was in fourth grade when Julie Crooks broke up with me. Julie was my neighbor. She lived up the street at 210 Victoria Road in Norristown, Pennsylvania, where I grew up. Julie and I were an item for about five years. Then in the fourth grade she informed me that she hated all boys―and that included me. Well, I told her that if that was the case, then I hated all girls. For the next year or two I was into a pretty severe girl-hating stage. Q. What is best title for the passage? (a) Fourth Grade Heartache (b) School Days (c) A Boy Dumping a Girl (d) Neighbors from Hell 19. It has been said that there is no love more sincere than the love of good food. You will surely agree when you join us for dinner at 'Napoli' in the heart of Boston. Our highly acclaimed chef will attend to your every whim and fancy as you choose from our impressive menu of fine Italian cuisine, artfully prepared, presented, and served in our tastefully decorated restaurant. Whenever you're in Boston for a special occasion or not, we'll make this occasion special. You may even fall in love. Q. What is the purpose of this passage? (a) To advertise (b) To educate (c) to entertain (d) To argue 20. Astronomers announced to stunned colleagues yesterday the first discovery of a planet outside the solar system that may be capable of supporting life. The find brings humankind to "a gateway to a new era in science." said Francis W. Nolan, an astronomer at UCLA. "We now know that the Earth has cousins in other solar systems. Planets aren't rare, after all, "he said. The discovery of the planet, in the constellation Virgo, culminates centuries of speculation and years of searching that produced a few intriguing results but never any sign of a planet resembling those in the solar system. The planet, more than six times the size of Saturn, orbits a star called 60 Virginis, which is almost a twin of the sum. Q. What is this passage about? (a) The formation of planets (b) The center of the universe (c) The discovery of a new planet (d) The size of a new planet 21. Distinctions that require explanations tend to get lost in public debate, and the controversy over cloning is a perfect example. There are two fundamentally different types of cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning, but the distinction between them is in danger of getting lost. And if it does, it could be a severe blow to science. The American press and scientists have been careful in every report to explain that reproductive cloning refers to the creation of an embryo using a technique known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. The goal is to bring the embryo to term and produce a live baby. In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is created through the same technique, but with the goal of extracting stem cells from it and producing new medical therapies. Q. Which of the following best summarizes this passage? (a) Cloning refers to the process rather than outcome. (b) It is difficult to make a distinction between the two types of cloning. (c) The use of the word 'cloning' has to be restricted to the reproductive type. (d) All clones are not the same 22. Going by the numbers, Antti Syvajarvi is a loser. He is a prison inmate in Finland, the country that jails fewer of its citizen than any other in the European Union. Still, he counts himself fortunate. "If I have to be a prisoner," he said, "I'm happy I'm one in Finland because I trust the Finnish system." So, evidently, do law-abiding Finns, even though their system is Europe's most lenient and would probably be the object of soft-on-criminals derision in many societies outside of the Nordic countries. Finland, a relatively classless culture with a Scandinavian belief in the benevolence of the state and a trust in corruption-free civic institutions, is something of a laboratory for gentle justice. Q. What is the main idea of the passage? (a) Finland's justice system is facing criticism (b) Finland has a rigid imprisonment policy. (c) Finland prisons are being studied carefully. (d) Finland's gentle justice keeps its jail population low 23. Major causes of heart disease: 1. Family history - you are a higher risk for developing heart disease if your parents or grandparents have had it. 2. High blood pressure - causes the heart to work too hard and can damage arteries. 3. High cholesterol levels - dangerous because fatty deposits build up in blood vessels. 4. Diabetes - can lead to hardening of the arteries and heart attacks. 5. Smoking cigarettes - smokers are two or three times more likely to have a heart attack than nonsmokers. Q. Which of the following is likely to cause heart disease according to the passage? (a) Heavy drug use (b) Obesity (c) Sedentary lifestyle (d) Cigarette smoking 24. In the opening scene of Catch Me If You Can, Frank Abagnale (Leonardo DiCaprio) appears on To Tell the Truth, the archetypal television game show celebration mendacity and fraud. Before his 19th birthday, the announcer proclaims, Frank successfully impersonate an airline pilot, a doctor and a lawyer and made millions of dollars forging checks. DiCaprio's portrayal of this brilliant fraud is sensational. Adding depth to his performanceis the flashing intensity with which he conveys Frank's mercurial bouts of insecurity and panic. Even while his character is flying high, DiCaprio understands that Frank is a wounded boy, and the actor remains in intimate touch with the childish desperation behind his bravado. Q. Why is the actor said to perform the role well in the movie? (a) Because he depicted the character's inner instability. (b) Because he personally met the character (c) Because he studied the character's life thoroughly. (d) Because he has had the same job experiences as the character. 25. Common Sense About Kids and Guns encourages adults to follow these six common sense safety steps. All gun owners must: 1. Unload and lock up guns. 2. Lock and store ammunition separately. 3. Keep keys and combinations where kids are unable to find them. All parents must: 1. Ask if guns are safely stored away from places their kids visit or play. 2. Talk with their kids about guns. 3. Teach young children not to touch a gun and to tell an adult immediately if they find one. The ultimate responsibility for safety is always on the adult, not on the child. Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage? (a) When you store your gun, you should load it and lock I up. (b) When you store your gun, have bullets separated from the gun. (c) Never tell your children that you have a gun at home. (d) If children find a